为探索旱地有效的蓄水保墒途经,在陕西省宝鸡市农科所试验农场进行秸秆覆盖免耕播种试验研究.结果表明,冬小麦在夏闲期和生长期进行留茬覆盖,能显著增加土壤贮水量,尤其可使土壤上层长期保持湿润状态,同时留茬覆盖还能提高土壤肥力.休闲期蓄水量由391.9 mm提高到468.7 mm;土壤表层微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别比对照增加41.3%、104.5%、13.0%;免耕播种产量7 351.5 kg/hm2,传统耕作产量6 739.5 kg/hm2,增产9.1%.该技术能有效保蓄农田土壤水分,增产较明显,可在关中西部及同类地区使用.%In order to research for the effective measure to store water and conserve moisture, an experiment of stubble mulching have been conducted in Baoji institute of agricultural science, Shaanxi Province. The results showed that winter wheat covered with wheat straw during summer fallow and growth period can efficiently increase the soil water contents, especially the upper layer soil and keep wet for a long time. Meanwhile stubble mulching can improve soil fertility. Compared with the traditional tillage, soil water contents increased from 391. 9 mm to 468. 7 mm, the number of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomyces increased 41. 3%, 104. 5%, 13. 0% in top layer soil, respectively. The wheat yield upgraded from 6 739. 5 kg/hm2 in traditional tillage to 7 351. 5 kg/hm2 in no-tillage,which increased 9. 1 %. The conclusion is that no till with straw mulching can increase soil moisture efficiently, increase the grain yield . This sowing technology can be used in western Guanzhong area and similar region.
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