放牧对草地生态经济价值的影响—以新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区为例

摘要

本文以新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区为研究对象,研究库尔木图不同放牧情况下草地生态服务经济价值的变化过程.结果显示:未放牧条件下,库尔木图草地生态服务价值为0.93亿元.2015年放牧条件下,研究区载畜量为120434.5羊单位,接近理论载畜量;当前库尔木图放牧情况下草地生态服务价值是未放牧的159％,说明适度放牧可以增加草地整体的生态服务价值,对研究区有重要意义.放牧强度为120％,140％,160％和180％时,草地生态服务价值分别为理论载畜量下生态服务价值的0.911,0.847,0.8,0.732,表明超载会造成生态服务价值下降.该研究为库尔木图自然保护区和其他放牧地区科学放牧提供依据.%Based on the ecosystem service function and methods,this study analyzed the grassland ecosystem function value under different grazing intensities in Kuermutu grassland of the natural protection zone.The results showed that:the Kuermutu grassland ecosystem service value was 93 million yuan under no grazing conditions.Under grazing conditions in 2015,the carrying capacity of study area was 120 434.5 sheep unit,closed to the theoretical carrying capacity.Grassland ecosystem service value under grazing conditions was 1.59 times more than that under no grazing conditions.It showed that moderate grazing could increase the ecological service value of grassland,which was meaningful for the study area.When grazing intensity was 120％,140％,160,and 180％,respectively,the grassland ecosystem service value was 0.911,0.847,0.8 and 0.732 times of the theoretical livestock carrying capacity,respectively.The results illustrated that overgrazing declined the ecosystem service value,which could provide some theoretical foundation and important scientific information for the Kuermutu natural protection zone and other natural protection zones.