能源草是多年生草本植物,其具有生物质产量高、抗逆性强和种植成本低等特性,是一种重要的生物能源原材料.预处理技术可有效去除能源草细胞壁中木质素,并降解纤维素,提高材料转化效率.本文综述了能源草制备生物燃料过程中的物理、化学和生物预处理方法,并对不同预处理方法进行了综合比较,从预处理效率、污染程度、处理成本、处理时间等几个方面分析了不同预处理方法在实际生产中的可行性.结果表明,预处理方法中稀H2SO4 (4％)及稀NaOH(0.5％～2.5％)溶液成本低廉且对材料作用效果明显,可将材料降解率提升50％以上(百分比因材料不同而异),而细菌、真菌等生物预处理方法因高效性、低污染性成为目前预处理技术的主要研究方向,不同方法间组合与综合应用是未来的研究趋势.此外,本文提出预处理技术应进一步向低耗能、低成本及高效率方向发展,并应形成完整的评价体系.%Bioenergy grass is a kind of biomass energy resource which has the high biomass yield,strong stress resistance and low-cost in planting.The pretreatment technology could remove the lignin,degrade the cellulose and increase bio-energy conversion efficiency.This paper reviewed the physical,chemical and biological methods for pretreatment of bioenergy grass,compared the differents between the pretreatment methods comprehensively,and analysed the feasibility of different pretreatment methods in practical production respectively.It shows that the pretreatment methods of diluted H2 SO4 (4％) and diluted NaOH (0.5％～2.5％) solution both have great better effect on the materials and the costs are lower.These methods can increase materials degradation rate more than 50％.In the meanwhile,biological methods such as the bacteria,fungi,and others are the main research direction of pretreatment technology at present,and the combination and comprehensive application of different pretreatment methods are the trend in the future.Finally,we proposed that the pretreatment technology should be further developed in the direction of low-cost and high efficiency and that a comprehensive evaluation system would be needed.
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