高速风洞模型自由飞试验技术

摘要

风洞模型自由飞试验是介于普通风洞试验和飞行试验之间的一种特种风洞试验技术.本文对高速风洞模型自由飞试验技术的发展现状做了介绍,对风洞模型自由飞试验技术的共性特点,及其不同的子技术——普通模型自由飞试验、多体分离风洞自由飞试验及高速风洞投放模型试验——三种子技术之间的差异及各自所适用的应用领域进行了总结.其共性特点是:没有支撑干扰,能够实现模型在风洞中的自由飞行;能够实现对分离瞬间瞬态气动力的模拟;试验的重复性较普通风洞试验要差.三种子技术在共性特点基础上又具有不同的特点:其中普通风洞模型自由飞试验主要应用于飞行器动稳定性问题研究,多体分离风洞自由飞试验和高速风洞投放模型试验则是应用于飞行器各类多体分离问题,而由于试验技术的差异,使得多体分离风洞自由飞试验和高速风洞投放模型试验技术在具体的多体分离问题的应用范围上又有所不同.%Wind tunnel model free-flight test is a special wind tunnel test technique between ordinary wind tunnel test and flight test.In this paper,the development of high-speed wind tunnel model free-flight test technology is introduced.Firstly,the development of high-speed wind tunnel model free flight test technology is introduced.Secondly,the common characteristics of wind tunnel model free flight test technology and its three sub-technology —— general model free-flight test,multi-bodies separation wind tunnel free-flight test and high speed wind tunnel drop-model test —— the difference between the three sub-technologies and their respective application fields are summarized. The common characteristics are support interference-free aerodynamic data and the model free flighting,so that the transient aerodynamic force can be measured at the moment of separation.The repeatability of the test is a common disadvantage compared with the general wind tunnel test.For the three sub-techniques,each has its own characterisitc,and has specific technology and application field from others.The research fields of the three sub-techniques cover the dynamic stability and all kinds of multi-bodies separation of aircrafts.The general wind tunnel free-flight test is applied for the research of aircraft dynamic stability,and the other two sub-techniques are applied in the research of all kinds of multi-bodies separation.While the different multi-bodies separation problems are covered,by the multi-bodies separation wind tunnel free-flight test and high speed wind tunnel drop-model test technique, because of the difference between the specific technology of the two sub-techniques.