线粒体心肌病分子遗传学机制的研究进展

摘要

线粒体是能量代谢的重要场所,供能不足易使高能量需求的心肌功能受损.线粒体心肌病(MCM)是心肌供能的氧化呼吸链基因缺陷导致的心肌组织结构和/或功能异常,多以肥厚型或扩张型心肌病为主要临床表型,少数可表现为左心室心肌致密化不全心肌病.目前分子生物学研究显示MCM多与线粒体基因(mtDNA)突变有关,主要涉及以下3类突变:tRNA基因点突变、编码线粒体呼吸复合体亚基的结构基因突变和调控区D环基因突变,但mtDNA突变导致心肌病发生的病理生理机制尚不完全清楚,本文总结了MCM mtDNA突变分子遗传学机制的研究进展.%Mitochondria plays a key role in providing ATP for the energy-consuming cardiac tissues. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is a myocardial condition characterized by abnormal heart structure and/or function secondary to genetic defects involving the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The typical cardiac manifestations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy include hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy,while left ventricular myocardial noncompaction is less common. Recent research has suggested that most mitochondrial diseases result from mitochondrial DNA mutation,which can be found in genes that encode ancillary proteins needed for genetic transcription (tRNA),in genes that encode subunits of the electron transport chain complexes,or in genes that control the activities of the mitochondria called D-loop zone. However,the exact physiological mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.