家庭农场土地适度规模集中的实现机制研究∗

摘要

Family farm′s first concern is"where does the land come from", and the land which the family farm was needed should meet three basic requirements of concentrated distribution, long-term stability and moderate scale. Generally, there are two steps for the family farm to get moderate scale of land in farmland rights trading market, first getting a lot of scattered and fragmented contracted land from many peasant households′land transfer or land exit, and then achieving moderate scale of land through land consolidation and rights integration. Based on analyzing bottlenecks and obstacles which may encounter from traditional small-scale agriculture to family farm with moderate scale of land concentration, a theoretical framework of realization mechanism, including interest sharing mecha⁃nism, right balance mechanism, conflict resolution mechanism and supporting policy mechanism, is built up to help family farm obtain moderate scale of land concentration in farmland right market.%发展家庭农场首先需要解决“地从哪里来”的问题，其所需土地应满足三个基本要件：集中成片、长期稳定、规模适度。在农地权利交易市场上，家庭农场实现土地适度规模集中的路径一般是先获得众多农户流转和退出的分散的、零碎的承包地，然后进行地块归并与权利整合。传统的高度兼业化的分散型小农经营模式在向家庭农场土地适度规模集中模式转变过程中可能会遭遇瓶颈和障碍，为此，需要构建农地权利市场化配置下家庭农场土地适度规模集中的实现机制的理论框架，具体包括利益共享机制、权利均衡机制、冲突解决机制和配套政策机制。