民族平等与国族整合：全面抗战时期西南夷苗请愿代表活动述论

摘要

From June,1936 to the time when the comprehensive Sino-Japanese war broke out,Gao Yuzhu and Yu Jiecai,as the delegates for tusi and for the whole Southwestern Yi and Miao people respectively,went to Nanjing to present a petition but in vain. After the outbreak of the War,Gao and Yu believed that it was the best time to win equality for Yi and Miao people,so they spared no effort in petition.However,given that the existing boundaries among nationalities could render and even widen the disintegration among Chinese nationalities,the government of the Republic of China actively promoted national integration.This negated the na-tional identity constituting each individual Chinese nationality and consequently ethnic equality was beyond possibility.Yet the ROC government responded to part of their petition due to the practical needs of the War as well as in case that they went to ex-tremes.However,the contradiction between some minority elites' appeal for ethnic equality and the ROC government's national in-tegration and the objective of Chinese nation-building remained unsolved accordingly.%1936年6月至全面抗战爆发，高玉柱、喻杰才分别以西南夷苗土司代表和民众代表的身份赴南京请愿，但未取得实质性效果。全面抗战爆发后，高等看准争取夷苗民族平等地位的最好时机已到，更加卖力地积极奔走。然而，鉴于民族界限的存在会造成及扩大中华民族的分化，国民政府此时积极推进国族整合，否定了构成中华民族之族类的民族身份，所谓民族平等也就无从谈起。不过，为了避免高等走极端，同时也是出于抗战的现实需要，国民政府采纳了他们的部分意见，以予安抚。但是，部分少数民族精英的民族平等诉求与国民政府的国族整合及中华民族国家建设目标之间的矛盾，并没有因此而得到解决。