College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
complex strain paths; sheet metal forming; finite element simulations;