Confucian orthodoxy vs. Muslim resistance in late imperial China: The ideological origin and the development of the Hui rebellion in Yunnan under Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).

摘要

The Hui (Chinese Muslim) rebellion (1856-1874) in Yunnan was one of the most important historical events which led to the collapse of the Manchu empire and the advent of modern China. But the historical significance of this event has not yet been recognized among western scholars and there has been no English publication about it. My dissertation tends to bring a social scientific approach to discover the ideological and religious aspect of this rebellion.; My major concern is to construct the ideological field of the Hui rebellion, which involves different collective actors interpreting their own situation and justifying the legitimacy of their collective actions. I adopt a group of critical social theories, including Weber's "authority of legitimacy," Bourdieu's "cultural capital", and Scott's "hidden transcript" to build up my theoretical framework.; Besides "Introduction," introducing my theories and methodology, and "Conclusion," summarizing my topic and relating it to contemporary academic disciplines of Islamic and Chinese studies, the rest of my dissertation is divided into six chapters.; In Chapter 2 I trace the ideological-historical root of Han-Hui conflict in the two traditions of Islam and Confucianism and in the intellectual encounter between them from the Tang dynasty (618-907) to the early 19th century.; In Chapter 3 and 4 I focus on the political-ideological context of Yunnan under the Qing dynasty and discuss how Qing ideological mechanisms were established in Yunnan and how Han and Hui brought their own cultures to Yunnan and were effected by Qing institution.; I analyze pre-rebellion Han-Hui conflicts in Chapter 5. This analysis concerns the legitimating claims raised by the Hui rebel leaders, the Han gentry's reaction to Hui rebellious actions, and the oppressive means taken by the imperial government.; In Chapter 6 three Hui rebel leaders, Du Wen-xiu (1828-73), Ma Ru-long (1832-1891), and Ma De-xin (1794-1874), are compared on the basis of their own political and cultural capitals, social connections, and ideologies.; In Chapter 7 I attempt to pinpoint the views of the Hui rebels' enemies, the Han gentry and the imperial government, to the Hui rebellion and to examine the strategies adopted by each of them to suppress it.