Heavy truck rear vision: The effect of camera and monitor system characteristics on operator use and backing performance.

摘要

These controlled field studies examined the effects of heavy truck rear vision camera and monitor system characteristics on operator use and backing performance. Camera and monitor systems were installed on a 40 cubic yard, front end loading, waste collection truck. The experimental variables included: camera field of view, camera mounting locations, multiple camera systems, monitor size, multiple monitor systems, and monitor mounting location. Performance measures included parking distance from the target barrel, number of target barrels hit, time to complete course, number of transmission shifts, and number of lane markers hit. Operator utilization of the camera and monitor systems was studied using a helmet mounted eye tracking system. The glance measures used to examine participant use of rear vision systems were glance frequency, glance duration, and inter-glance duration.; The parking distances for all camera systems were significantly closer to the target barrel than the mirrors only treatment. The parking distance for the mirrors only treatment was 5.54 times larger than the average camera/monitor system. The participants hit more target barrels with the largest monitor during parking tasks. The mid bubble and extended bracket camera positions produced parking distances which averaged 62% closer to the target barrel than the bumper mounted and top of the bubble positions. The camera mounted on the extended bracket hit approximately 70% fewer bins. The camera with the widest field of view produced the fastest course completion times.; All three glance measures were able to detect statistically significant differences between monitors. The 17.8 cm monitor had 50.1% and 55.5% higher glance frequency than the 15.2 cm and 11.4 cm monitors respectively. The 11.4 cm monitor had glance duration's 14% and 15% longer than those of the 15.2 cm and 17.8 cm monitors. Participants spent from 6% to 17% (Mean 13%) of their time looking at the rear vision monitors while driving in this study. Preference survey measures show participants rate all camera systems over the mirrors only control. Participants showed a preference for larger monitors. The glance frequency increased 5.7% when participants had a dedicated monitor for the right side camera. Similarly the inter-glance duration decreased 23.2% with the addition of the dedicated monitor.