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Thomas Erastus in Heidelberg: A Renaissance physician during the Second Reformation, 1558-1580.

机译:海德堡的托马斯·埃拉图斯(Thomas Erastus):第二次宗教改革时期的文艺复兴时期医生,1558-1580年。

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This dissertation focuses on the career of Thomas Erastus (c. 1524-1583) at the University of Heidelberg, 1558-1580, and argues that it was unified by his insistence on maintaining the proper separation between sacred and secular authorities. The prologue provides an introduction into the history of the Palatinate before Erastus's arrival and investigates Erastus's education in Zurich, Basel and Bologna, his career as a court physician in Henneberg, and his anti-astrological writings. Assuming a medical chair in Heidelberg in 1558, Erastus became part of a contingent that converted the principality to the Reformed faith. Erastus was an opinion leader in theological questions, writing treatises and taking part in debates on the Lord's Supper, serving as church councilor and advising Elector Frederick III, thus marking a "Zwinglian" stream in what has been commonly considered a "Calvinist" Reformation. This dissertation argues that Erastus co-authored the Heidelberg Catechism (1563). In the late 1560s, Erastus went from the position of insider to dissenter by championing the resistance to the Calvinist-led effort to establish a church consistory, independent from state control, to regulate morals. Erastus's critique of Calvinist disciplinary theory led his seventeenth-century followers to be derisively labeled "Erastians," a term that connotes that the state should control the church. Erastus's own program, however, aimed to thwart the attempt to set up a second jurisdiction over morals in a Christian principality and to preserve Christian freedom. With the victory of his Calvinist foes and the humiliation of his anti-disciplinist partisans in an Antitrinitarian scandal (1570), Erastus lost political influence in the Palatinate. Erastus's humiliation and exile from church politics proved the watershed event of his career. Silenced in the theological arena, Erastus devoted his time to natural philosophy. Erastus composed a definitive four-volume refutation of Paracelsus. A committed Galenist, Erastus rejected Paracelsianism on philosophical, therapeutic, and religious grounds, reestablishing his own reputation in the process. Erastus also countered Johann Weyer's appeal for clemency for women accused of witchcraft, though Erastus did not ascribe great powers to witches. After the ascension of the Lutheran Elector Ludwig VI, Erastus returned to Basel in 1580, where he died in 1583.
机译:本文着重于1558-1580年在海德堡大学的托马斯·埃拉图斯(Thomas Erastus(c。1524-1583))的职业生涯,并认为这是由于他坚持维护神圣与世俗权威之间的适当分离而统一的。序言介绍了Erastus到达之前普法尔茨的历史,并调查了Erastus在苏黎世,巴塞尔和博洛尼亚的教育,他在亨内贝格的法庭医生的职业以及他的抗天文著作。 1558年,埃拉斯特斯在海德堡担任医疗椅,成为将公国转换为改革宗信仰的特遣队的一部分。埃拉斯特斯(Elastus)是神学问题的舆论领袖,撰写论文和参加有关圣餐的辩论,并担任教堂议员并为选民弗雷德里克三世提供建议,因此标志着“兹温格利安”派别,这通常被认为是“加尔文主义者”改革。这篇论文认为,埃拉斯特斯是海德堡教理学的合著者(1563)。在1560年代后期,Erastus倡导抵制加尔文主义者领导的建立不受国家控制的教会礼堂以规范道德的活动,从而从内部人士的立场转向反对者。 Erastus对加尔文主义学科理论的批评使他的17世纪追随者被嘲讽地标为“ Erastians”,这意味着国家应控制教会。然而,Erastus自己的计划旨在挫败试图在基督教公国中建立第二个道德管辖权并维护基督教自由的尝试。随着他的加尔文主义敌人的胜利和反三位一体的丑闻(1570年)中他反纪律的游击队员的屈辱,埃拉斯特斯在普法尔茨失去了政治影响力。 Erastus对教会政治的屈辱和流放证明了他职业生涯的分水岭。在神学领域处于沉默状态,Erastus将时间投入到自然哲学中。 Erastus构成了对Paracelsus的权威的四卷反驳。 Erastus是一位坚定的加仑主义者,出于哲学,治疗和宗教方面的理由拒绝了Paracelsianism,在此过程中重新树立了自己的声誉。尽管Erastus并未将强大的权力赋予女巫,但Erastus还驳斥了Johann Weyer呼吁对被控巫术的妇女实行宽大处理的呼吁。路德会选举人路德维希六世(Ludwig VI)提升后,埃拉斯特斯(Erastus)于1580年返回巴塞尔,于1583年去世。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gunnoe, Charles Dewey, Jr.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Virginia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Virginia.;
  • 学科 European history.;Biographies.;Science history.;Religious history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 435 p.
  • 总页数 435
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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