'Scientific colonialism': Scientific practice and Chicana/o identity in an American southwest technopole.

摘要

In November 1942, General Groves and Oppenheimer chose the Manhattan Project "Site Y" at Los Alamos, New Mexico to construct the atomic bomb. Since then, the Los Alamos laboratory has had a provocative local sociocultural history. The "social contract," a "scientific colonialism," between the science city and its neighboring communities is exemplified by structures, ideologies and practices in the localized political economy that subordinated Hispanics and Pueblo Indians.; Chapters 1 and 2 introduce the problem and survey the bodies of literature needed to analyze this topic's complexity. Chapters 3 and 4 comprise the origin and character of the scientific colonialism. Chapter 3 shows the economic history leading up to the intrusion; the Army's dispossession of Spanish homesteaders; the strong sense of community that developed in the military landscape; and the science city organization.; Chapter 4 details how the Los Alamos "big science" technopole subordinated the local Spanish and pueblo Indian through the societal structures of nationalist science policy, education, economics and management practices. Laboratory managers focused on national science policies while neglecting local interests. Secondary schools maintained educational disparities with neighbors and higher education ranked social status. Procurement policies excluded local businesses from primary contractor status and sixty years of billion dollar funding did not enhance neighbor's economic status; and the only forum for community representation was prematurely disbanded by the DOE.; Chapter 5 documents labor opposition to discriminatory management practices. Hispanic underrepresentation in upper level management and scientist positions has been a historical problem. In 1995, a grass-roots labor organization challenged management practices when the Director laid off "support staff" to increase scientific productivity. In the end, managers fired a disproportionately large amount of Hispanic employees. The Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs confirmed the discriminatory charges filed against the laboratory and University of California forcing a settlement.; The final chapter examines the "social contract" between science and society; qualifications on the scientific colonialism model; and ideological dichotomies that transformed local people's cultural distinctiveness into subordination.