Epidemiologie moleculaire des enterites a Campylobacter en Estrie.

摘要

Campylobacteriosis is the leading notifiable enteric disease in industrialised countries. It colonizes a wide range of animal which in turn spread the disease. The majority of Campylobacteriosis cases are sporadic infections for which the source is rarely apparent. The main goal of my research project is to determine contamination sources of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, to identify the sources and routes of transmission and to establish the main sources of sporadic infections. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter isolates in order to predict which bacterial population will be resistant, caused by antimicrobial selective pressure administered to the host. High levels of resistance of chicken isolates to erythromycin and tetracycline, and low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin reflect the use of the former antibiotics in animal husbandry. The fact that the erythromycin and tetracycline resistance levels were significantly lower among human isolates suggests that other transmission sources are important for human infection. In order to determine which molecular typing method will be the most relevant for our research design, we compared four typing methods (AFLP, MLST, fla typing and PFGE). Only MLST has the potential to link isolates to a particular ecological niche, such as chicken, raw milk and water. In order to optimize MLST, we developed a complementary system based on HRM. We demonstrated that HRM has the potential to complement the analysis methods based on sequencing for SNP and facilitate a wide range of studies based on genotypic methods. We have subsequently undertaken a major project of isolation and molecular characterization of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, in order to truly understand the mechanisms of transmission of the bacteria and determine the source of sporadic cases. We confirmed that chicken was responsible for the majority of cases of Campylobacteriosis. However, we have shown that the urban-rural gradient of Campylobacteriosis in the Eastern Townships could be explained by exposure to bovine, especially for the 15-34 year old age group through occupational exposure. By the identification of infection sources, we proposed courses of action that could be used by public health authorities to reduce the incidence of Campylobacter iosis in Quebec.;Keywords: Campylobacter, MLST, molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance.