L'image entre reflexion et representation. Aby Warburg et Walter Benjamin.

摘要

After a long history of using the image as a basis for knowledge, the human mind began to examine its possibility as a critical tool. Thus, the multifaceted concept of image brings into focus two decisive theoretical positions developed at the end of 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th. Walter Benjamin's critical essays and Aby Warburg's studies on the history of art are considered to be the most influential academic works on the image as a concept. They take the form of series of diverse reflections on image as thought (Denkbild), afterlife (Nachleben), thought-space (Denkraum), and the representation of history (Geschichtsdarstellung).;The following thesis explores the possibility of analyzing these notions both in terms of image proper and with regard to the multiple meanings that emerge from the "specter" of the image.;In a historical sense, both Benjamin and Warburg were the first who attempted to define the image in a new perspective situating the image as a critical space where the history becomes visible. While Benjamin works with the paradigm of "thinking" in order to position the image (Denkbild), Warburg suggests an esthetical link between history and image (Denkraum and Nachleben).;Inasmuch as the image simultaneously entails the act of imaging, representation, and history, the very primary impetus of the image is historical thought. The transposition of the German Bild into the Latin imago leads to a mystery zone where temporality itself becomes an issue; in this context, the benjaminian concept of "constellation" describes the alchemy of representation as a historical (in)stance conveying a vision of the world.;In conclusion, in taking into consideration the multiple nature of image, this thesis examines the role of the imaginary in the contemporary world in conjunction with human historical meaning.