声明
致谢
Abbreviations
Romanization schemes
Notation for transcription
Notation for age description
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Varieties of Universal Quantifiers in Shanghainese
1.2 The Significance of She
Chapter Two The Nature of She-quantification
2.1 Some Basic Properties of She
2.1.1 Syntactic distribution
2.1.2 Distributivity
2.1.3 Plurality Condition for Leftward Quantification
2.1.4 Requirements on Objects and Predicates for Rightward Quantification
2.2 Further Observations on She
2.2.1 Cooccurrence of She with Negators
2.2.2 Cooccurrence of She with ‘Ak + Verb’ Construction
Chapter Three Literature Review on the Acquisition of A-quantifiers in Mandarin Chinese
3.1 Acquisition of the basic properties of Dou
3.1.1 Lee (1986)
3.1.2 Lee (1997)
3.1.3 Lei (2018)
3.2 Acquisition of Scope Assignment between Dou and Negation
3.2.1 Fan (2005)
3.2.2 Zhou and Crain (2009)
Chapter Four Experimental Investigation on Acquisition of She in Shanghainese
4.1 Research Questions
4.2 Experiment Ⅰ: Comprehension of She (Act-Out Task)
4.2.1 Participants
4.2.2 Test materials and experiment design
4.2.3 Procedures
4.2.4 Predications
4.2.5 Results and Summary
4.3 Experiment Ⅱ: Elicited Production of She (Elicitation Imitation Task)
4.3.1 Participants
4.3.2 Test materials and experiment design
4.3.3 Procedures
4.3.4 Predications
4.3.5 Results and Summary
4.4 Experiment Ⅲ: Understanding Distributive Property and Domain Restriction of She
4.4.1 Participants
4.4.2 Test materials and experiment design
4.4.3 Procedures
4.4.4 Predications
4.4.5 Results and Summary
4.5 Experiment Ⅳ: Scope Interpretation of She and Negation (Picture Verification Task)
4.5.1 Participants
4.5.2 Test materials and experiment design
4.5.3 Procedures
4.5.4 Predications
4.5.5 Results and Summary
4.6 Experiment Ⅴ: Empirical Evidence of the Nature of She (Acceptability Judgement Task)
4.6.1 Participants
4.6.2 Test materials and experiment design
4.6.3 Procedures
4.6.4 Results and Summary
Chapter Five Overall Discussion and Concluding Remarks
5.1 General Knowledge of She as a Universal Quantifier
5.1.1 Results of Acquisition Experiments
5.1.2 Evidence from Empirical Studies
5.2 Minimality Effects Indicated by She
5.2.1 Non-observance of Isomorphism in ‘NEG + She + Verb’ Sentences
5.2.2 Ungrammaticality of ‘she + ak + Verb’ Sentences
参考文献
APPENDIX Ⅰ (Test Sentences For Experiment Ⅱ)
APPENDIX Ⅱ (Test sentences For Experiment Ⅲ)
APPENDIX Ⅲ (Test sentences For Experiment Ⅳ)
APPENDIX Ⅳ (Test sentences For Experiment Ⅴ)
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