On the Transformation of the Literariness of Translated Literature----A Descriptive Approach from the Form to the Power System

摘要

许多学者认为文学是语言的艺术，因而文学翻译中必须保留原文的语言特色或独特手法，以便在译文中体现原文的文学性。本文作者则认为在译文中保存原文的表达方式行不通，也不能取得同样的效果。 首先，文学作品的文学性不是完全由语言形式决定的，应为语言本身并没有一种内在的特性使“文学语言”区别于其他类型的语言，二者并非各自独立、有清晰界限的系统。其次，英汉两种语言有巨大的差异，蕴含的文化也有极大的不同。如果译者执意在译文中保留原文语言形式，译文会佶屈聱牙，根本体现不出原文的特征，译者或者用译文惯有的“文学语言”模拟出原文的“文学语言”，结果译文体现的全是译入语的语言特征。一部作品之所以成为读者接受的文学作品其实是由价值评判决定的。一部作品的文学性或审美特征都是特定社会赋予的，和特定社会的意识形态密不可分。任何历史阶段处于主导的意识形态都会对文学的定义产生重大影响，文学观念、手段也随之变化。因此翻译文学如果侧重保存原文形式，只能是在所指层面的机械对应，文学特性及其他部分都有接受系统决定。本文通过乔伊斯《死者》三个译本的分析充分论证了上述观点。

目录

Acknowledgement

摘要

1. Introduction

2. Translation Studies Based on Literary Theories

2.1. Literature as a Special Use of Language

2.1.1. Russian Formalism

2.1.2. Standard Language and Literary Language

2.1.3. The Weakness of the Formal Method

2.2 Literature as Value Judgments

2.2.1. I. A. Richards' Experiment

2.2.2. Literary Conventions

3. Theories of Literary Translation

3.1. Chinese Translators' Views on What is to Translate

3.1.1. Literary Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty

3.1.2. Literary Translation in the Early 20th Century

3.1.3. Modern Theories of Literary Translation

3.2. Western Theories of Literary Translation

3.2.1. Peter Newmark's Theory of Literary Translation

3.2.2. Functional Approach to Literary Translation

3.2.3. The Formal Distortion of the Source Text

4. Literary Translation Based on Linguistic Analysis

4.1. Features of the Source Text --The Dead

4.2. Comparative Studies of Three Chinese Versions of The Dead

4.2.1. Foreignness: Limits of Translation into Chinese

4.2.2 Familiarity: Excessive Use of Chinese Idioms

4.2.3 Dissimilation: Preservation of the Syntactic Structure

4.2.4. Readers' Conceptions

4.3 Conclusions

4.3.1. Literariness Decided by the Value of the Source Text

4.3.2. Literariness Embodied in the Features of the Target Language

5. Literary Translation Based on Value Judgments

5.1 . Lefevere's Theories of Translation

5.2. Literary Code of China in the 1970s

5.3. Joyce's Recognition in China in the 1980s

6. Conclusion

Bibliography