声明
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Abstract
摘要
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1 Introduction
1．1 Background
1．2．Research objectives
Chapter 2 Literature review
2．1．Two main bacterial diseases in rice
2．1．2 Bacterial brown stripe of rice
2．2．Use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent
2．2．1．Progressive use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent
2．2．2．Bacteriophage mechanism of infection
2．3．Nanotechnology
2．3．1．Synthesis of nanomaterials
2．3．2．Effect ofnanomaterials application on plant
2．3．3．Nanomaterial mechanism of antibacterial activity
Chapter 3 Identification and characterization of five new OP2-related Myoviridae bacteriophages infecting different strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv．oryzae
3．1．Abstract
3．2．Introduction
3．3．Materials and methods
3．3．1．Isolation and identification of Xoo strains
3．3．2．Isolation，purification，and determination of host ranges of Xoo phages
3．3．3．Determination of phage titers and optimal multiplicity of infection(MOI)
3．3．4．Determination of the phage single-step growth
3．3．5．Purification of phage particles and transmission electron microscopy
3．3．6．Extraction and determination of phage nucleic acids
3．3．7．Restriction enzyme analysis of phage-DNA
3．3．8．Phylogenetic analysis of phages using DNAP gene
3．3．9．Quantitative analyses of Xoo biofilms and EPS
3．3．10．Development of phage resistance
3．3．11．In vivo inhibition of the Xoo bacteria
3．3．12．Statistical analysis
3．4．2．Isolation and charaeterization of Xoo phages
3．4．3．Host range and identification of Xoo phages
3．4．4．Effect of phages on biofilm formation and production of EPS
3．4．5．Development of phage resistance
3．4．6．In vivo inhibition against the Xoo bacteria
3．5．Discussion
Chapter 4 The intervention of bio-synthesized three metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO，MnO2，and MgO)against the antibiotic-resistance of bacterial leaf blight pathogen
4．1．Abstract
4．2．Introduction
4．3．Materials and methods
4．3．1．Bacterial strain and culture conditions
4．3．2．Extracellular bio-synthesis of nanoparticles and nanoflower
4．3．3．Characterization studies
4．3．4．Antibacterial activity study
4．4．Results
4．4．1．Characterization of ZnO，MgO，and MnO2 nanomaterials
4．4．2．Antibacterial activity
4．5．Discussions
Chapter 5 Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using different plant extracts and their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv．oryzae
5．1．Abstract
5．2．Introduction
5．3．Materials and Methods
5．3．1．Preparation of plant extract
5．3．2．Preliminary phytoehemical testing
5．3．3．Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles
5．3．6．Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
5．3．8．Antibacterial activity study and cell viability measurement
5．3．9．Swimming motility and biofilm inhibition assay
5．3．10．Electron microscopy
5．4．Statistical analysis
5．5．1．Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles
5．5．2．Antibacterial activity
Chapter 6 Biosynthesis and characterization of magnesium oxide and manganese dioxide nanoparticles using Matricaria chamomilla L．extract and its inhibitory effect on Acidovorax oryzae strain RS-2
6．1．Abstract
6．2．Introduction
6．3．Materials and methods
6．3．1．Preparation of flower extract
6．3．3．Characterization of metal oxide nanoparticles
6．3．4．Antibacterial activity study
6．3．5．Statistical analysis
6．4．Results and discussion
6．4．1．Characterization of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles
6．4．2．Antibacterial activity of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles
Chapter 7 Copper oxide nanoparticles：An effective antibacterial agent against Xanthomonas oryzae pv．oryzae and its impacts on plants
7．1．Abstract
7．2．Introduction
7．3．Materials and methods
7．3．1．Preparation of plant extract
7．3．2．Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles
7．3．3．Characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles
7．3．4．Evaluation of antibacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles
7．3．5．Antibacterial mechanism of copper oxide nanoparticles
7．3．6．Controlling bacterial leaf blight on rice plants using CuONPs
7．3．7．Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement of Arabidopsis plants
7．3．8．RNA isolation and quantitative RT-PCR
7．3．9．Statistical analysis
7．4．Results and discussion
Chapter 8 Biosynthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles and magnesiumo xide nanoflower and their role in plant pathogenicity and photosynthesis
8．1．Abstract
8．2．Introduction
8．3．Materials and methods
8．3．2．Characterization of MnO2 and MgO nanomaterials
8．3．4．Antibacterial effect of MnO2 or MgO nanomaterial on rice bacterial leaf blight
8．3．5．Chlorophyll fluorescence measurement of Arabidopsis plants
8．3．6．RNA isolation and quantitative RT-PCR
8．3．7．Statistical analysis
8．4．Results and discussion
8．4．1．Characterization and biological synthesis of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles
8．4．2．Antibacterial activity of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles against Xoo strain GZ 0003
8．4．3．The mechanism of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles on Xoo strain GZ 0003
8．4．4．Effect of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
8．4．5．Effect of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles on expression levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis and photosystem structure genes
8．4．6．Control efficiency of MgO and MnO2 nanoparticles on rice bacterial leaf blight
Conclusion and Prospects
conclusion
Prospects
References
List of publications
Biography
