论语境对隐喻理解机制的指针作用

摘要

语言学界对隐喻的探讨如火如荼.西方学者对隐喻运作机制的回答可以划分为四类:修辞论——认为隐喻的基本功能是语言修辞,修辞的基本方式是替换和比较;语义论——认为隐喻是人类认识世界不可或缺的工具,可以脱离语境、主体意识等超语言的因素创造出新意义;语用论——虽然也认为隐喻是沟通人类与客观世界的桥梁,但隐喻意义的创造不能局限于某个语言单位,必须借助于语境、主体意图等超语言性因素.认知论——认为隐喻是一种独具魅力的认知方式,是一种利用意象图示进行的一类映射.上述理论侧重于回答隐喻理解机制的问题的不同方面,分别揭示了隐语理解过程的一些特点,但都不是完整的解释理论.作者首先尝试在吸取各家所长的基础上,对隐喻重新定义,全方位、多角度地对隐喻的理解机制进行解释.作者强调无论语言性语境或非语言性语境对于既含混又新鲜的隐喻现象都具有决定性的影响.尤其着重论述了语境在隐喻理解的识别、意义衡量两方面的指针作用,并结合与语境相关的原理对隐喻理解的全过程做出了描述,并探索性地加以图示说明.同时作者将语境划分为六大类别,并以此为依据对大量经典及最新出现在英美报刊杂志中的隐语现象进行分析,进一步论证了语境对隐语理解指针作用的确定性和普遍性.在此认识基础上,期望对英语教学、尤其是英语阅读教学给予一定的启示,即应在表义的语境中习得和理解各隐喻项目.

目录

文摘

英文文摘

Acknowledgements

Chapter One Introduction

1.1. The necessity of studying metaphor-a revolution in linguistic studies

1.2. The objective of an integrated approach-a new orientation

1.3. The organization of the dissertation

Chapter Two A Brief History Survey of Studies on Metaphor

2.1. Introduction: dictionary definition of metaphor

2.2. Pre-referentialist views of metaphor: comparison and similarity

2.3. Semantic views

2.3.1. Referential views

2.3.2. Descriptivist views

2.4. Pragmatic approaches

2.4.1. The Gricean program

2.4.2. Relevance theory

2.4.3. Searle's principles of metaphorical interpretation

2.5. Conceptual views of metaphor

Chapter Three The Role of Context in the Comprehension of Metaphor

3.1. The need for an integrated approach- a new orientation

3.2. The nature of comprehension of metaphor

3.2.1. Prominence of context in the nature of verbal comprehension

3.2.2. Nature of metaphorical comprehension

3.2.3. Metaphor comprehension processes

3.4. context amd comprehension of metaphor

3.4.1. The establishment and development of contextualistics

3.4.2. The role of context in the interpretation of metaphor

3.4.3. Schema Theory: using contextual knowledge to enhance metaphorical comprehension process

3.4.4. The selection rules of context: instantiation of metaphorical meaning

Chapter Four Exploration on the Directory Role of Context in Metaphorical Comprehension

4.1. A tentative definition and the classification of context

4.1.1. A blending definition of context

4.1.2. The classification (taxonomy) of context

4.2. A ‘super-determinate factor' in metaphorical comprehension-cognitive context

4.3. A brief summary of this chapter

Chapter Five Conclusion

5.1. Major conclusions reached in this dissertation

5.2. Implications of the research

5.2.1. Metaphorical expressions as vocabulary resource: interdependencies and interconnections

5.2.2. Some hints from the importance of context knowledge in metaphorical comprehension process for pedagogical consideration

5.3. Limitations of this dissertation and further research on the scope of metaphorical comprehension

Bibliography

西北工业大学学位论文知识产权声明书及论文原创性声明