认知语境在隐喻理解中的作用

摘要

语境是确定语义的重要因素。语境的研究经历了从传统语境到认知语境的嬗变。认知语境对众多语言现象具有强大的解释力，比如：隐喻。隐喻是当代语言学和其他许多学科关注的一个科研课题。对隐喻意义的理解一直是语言学界关注的一个热点问题，不同的学者从不同的角度对隐喻的理解有过阐述。无论是从哪个角度去解释隐喻的意义，都离不开语境的作用，尤其是认知语境的作用。认知语境是关联理论中一个十分重要的概念，它和话语的关联性以及语境效果有直接的关系。Sperber&Wilson在关联理论的基础上又提出了他们的隐喻观，认为隐喻的理解是在适当的认知语境下寻求最佳关联而取得语境效果的过程。本文在前人研究的成果的基础上，进一步深入探讨认知语境在隐喻理解中的作用。
　　 全文共分六章：
　　 第一章：引言。本章是对全文的整体介绍。第二章：文献综述。本章简要回顾了语境研究、隐喻研究的历史和现状。指出了选择认知语境研究隐喻理解的原因。第三章：对认知语境特点的研究，以便对认知语境有更深入的理解。第四章：对认知语境与隐喻理解关系的研究。第五章：结合实例具体分析认知语境参与其中的隐喻理解。第六章：结论。回顾总结了整篇论文对认知语境在隐喻理解中的作用的研究。

目录

文摘

英文文摘

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Purpose of the Thesis

1.3 The Organization of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 A Survey of Studies on Context

2.1.1 Traditional View on Context

2.1.2 Cognitive View on Context

2.1.3 Brief Summary

2.2 A Survey of Studies on Metaphor

2.2.1 Traditional View on Metaphor

2.2.2 Modern Metaphor Theories

2.2.3 Brief Summary

Chapter Three The Characteristics of Cognitive Context

3.1 The Gestalt Characteristic of Cognitive Context

3.2 The Humanity Characteristic of Cognitive Context

3.2.1 The Commonness of Cognitive Context

3.2.2 The Personality of Cognitive Context

3.3 The Dynamic Characteristic of Cognitive Context

Chapter Four The relationship between Cognitive Context and Metaphor Understanding

4.1 Cognition and Metaphor

4.2 The Working Mechanism of Metaphor

4.3 Cognitive Context and Metaphor Understanding

4.4 The Enlightenment of Cognitive Context's Characteristics to Metaphor Understanding

4.4.1 The Enlightenment of Cognitive Context's Humanity Characteristic to Metaphor Understanding

4.4.2 The Enlightenment of Cognitive Context's Dynamic Characteristic to Metaphor Understanding

4.4.3 The Enlightenment of Cognitive Context's Gestalt Characteristic to Metaphor Understanding

Chapter Five The Analysis of Metaphor Understanding with the Participation of Cognitive Context

5.1 The Process of Metaphor Understanding

5.1.1 The Identification of Metaphor

5.1.2 The Inference of Metaphorical Meaning

5.2 The Influence of Cognitive Context's Components on Metaphor Understanding

5.2.1 The Influence of Linguistic Context Knowledge on Metaphor Understanding

5.2.2 The Influence of Situational Knowledge(Specific Circumstance)on Metaphor Understanding

5.2.3 The Influence of Background Knowledge(Knowledge Structure)on Metaphor Understanding

5.2.4 The Influence of the Cultural Context Knowledge on Metaphor Understanding

Chapter Six Conclusion

6.1 Major Findings of the Thesis

6.2 Significance of the findings

6.3 Limitations of the Thesis and Suggestions for Further Studies

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

The Author's Recent Publication and Research Involved