文摘
英文文摘
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Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction of Fossilization and Interlanguage
1.1 The Introduction of the “Fossilization” Phenomenon
1.2 Significance of This Study
1.3 Theoretical Basis
1.3.1 lnterlanguage
1.3.2 Definition of Relevant Terms
2.1 Definition of Fossilization
2.1.1 Various Accounts of Fossilization
2.1.2 How to Identify Fossilization
2.2 Types of Fossilization
2.2.1 Permanent Fossilization and Temporary Fossilization
2.2.2 Individual Fossilization and Group Fossilization
2.3 Different Items of Fossilization
2.3.1 Phonological Fossilization
2.3.2 Punctuation Fossilization
2.3.3 Grammatical/Syntactic Fossilization
2.3.4 Lexical Fossilization
2.3.5 Pragmatic Fossilization
2.4 Reference to Various Studies on the Causes of Fossilization
2.4.1 Selinker's Five Central Processes
2.4.2 Internal and External Factors Concluded by Selinker and Larnendella
Chapter 3 Case Study and General Survey
3.1 Subjects
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Error-analysis and Error-correction
Chapter 4 Mechanisms of Fossilization
4.1 Learning Mechanism
4.1.1 First Language Interference or Negative Transfer
4.1.2 Communication Strategies Blockage
4.2 Psychological Mechanisms
4.2.1 Lack of Learner Motivation
4.2.2 Lack of Willingness to Take Risks (have fixed ideas)
4.3 Physiological Mechanisms
4.4 Social Grounding
4.4.1 Non-native English Teachers' Ineffective Feedback to Errors
4.4.2 Lack of Authentic L2 Input
4.4.3 Socio-cultural Factors
Chapter 5 Overcoming Fossilization
5.1 To Promote Learners' Motivation
5.2 To Provide Accurate and Appropriate L2 Input
5.3 To Undo Transfer (to reduce the chance of L1 interference)
5.4 To Apply Scientific Learning Strategies
5.5 To Provide the Right Kind of Feedback
5.6 To Increase Awareness of Fossilization, Fossilized Errors and Authentic T L
5.6.1 To Increase Awareness of Fossilization
5.6.2 To Increase Awareness of Fossilized Errors
5.6.3 To Increase Awareness of Authentic Target Language
Chapter 6 Conclusion
Appendix
1. 问卷调查
2.Questionnaire
Acknowledgements
References
研究成果
