巴基斯坦中小企业出口绩效的决定性因素研究

摘要

中小企业在巴基斯坦的经济发展中起着重要的作用，在国际化深入发展的大趋势下，中小企业的出口绩效以及国际化程度成为关注的重点。本论文选择巴基斯坦中小企业较为集中的旁遮普省和信德省涉足国际化经营活动的中小企业为调查对象，采用随机抽样和分层抽样技术进行样本选择，采集这些企业所有者/管理者的观点进行深入分析。问卷共计发放600份，但只有330人返回，答复率达到55％，其中只有309份有用的调查问卷用于进一步分析论文使用结构方程模型(AMOS v.21)分析了所提出的假设。同时，调查了企业家导向，创业网络，内部障碍，外部障碍。研究发现创业导向、东道国制度、外部和内部障碍对出口中小企业的业绩有重大影响，而其他决定因素（创业网络和家庭研究所）对巴基斯坦中小企业的出口业绩产生负面和微不足道的影响。这项研究的结果为管理者和研究人员提供了深入的了解，以进一步了解实施策略对绩效的影响，最后讨论了研究的局限性和未来研究的必要建议。

目录

声明

Abstract

摘要

Acknowledgements

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Abbreviations

Chapter 01 Introduction

1．1 Background of the Study

1．2 Statement of Problem

1．3 Objective

1．4 Research Questions

1．5 Scope of the Study

1．6 Significance of the Study

1．7 Concept and Definition of Key Terms

1．8 Organization of Thesis

Chapter 02 State of Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)in Pakistan

2．1 Overview of Pakistan

2．2 General Overview of Economy of Pakistan

2．2．1 Agriculture Sector in Pakistan

2．2．2 Manufacturing Sector in Pakistan

2．2．3．Service Industry in Pakistan

2．3 Background of SMEs and its Importance

2．4 Small and Medium Sized Enterprises-Definitions

2．5 Constraints Faced by SMEs in Pakistan

2．6 Government Assistance for SMEs

Chapter 03 Literature Review and Hypotheses Development

Introduction

3．1 Understanding Internationlization

3．2 Motivations for SME Internationalization

3．3 Firm’s Foreign Market Entry Modes

3．4．1 Exporting Modes

3．4．2 Direct Exporting

3．4．3 Indirect Exporting

3．4．4 Cooperative Exporting

3．4．5 Contractual Entry Modes

3．5 Influential Factors on Entry Mode Decision

3．5．1 Internal Factors

3．5．2．External factors

3．6 Barriers to Internationalization of SMEs

3．7 Theoretical Framework

3．8 Hypotheses Development

3．8．1 Entrepreneurial Orientation(EO)and Export Performance of SMEs

3．8．2 Entrepreneurial Network and Export Performance of SMEs

3．8．3 Internal Environmental Barriers and Export Performance of SMEs

3．8．4 External Environmental Barriers and Export Performance of SMEs

3．8．5 Institutional(Home and Host Country)Support and Export Performance of SMEs

3．8．6 Entry Modes and Export Performance of SMEs

Chapter 04 Research Methodology

4．1 Research Design

4．2 Research Strategy

4．3 Sampling Frame

4．4 Sample Size

4．5 Sampling Technique

4．6 Data Collection Method(Questionnaire)

4．7 Logistics of the postal survey

4．8 Survey Instrument

4．8．1 Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale

4．8．2 Entrepreneurial Networking Scale

4．8．3 Home Country Institutions Factors Scale

4．8．4 Host Country Institutions Factors Scale

4．8．5 Internal and External Environment Factors Scale

4．8．6 Export Performance Scale

4．9 Key Respondents

4．10 Translation of Instrument and Pre-testing

4．11 Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)

4．12 Model Fit

4．12．2 Incremental Fit Measure

4．12．3 Parsimony Fit Indices

4．13 SEM and Sample Size

4．14 Assumptions

4．15 Preliminary Data Examination

4．15．1 Nonresponse Rate

4．15．2 Dealing with Missing Responses

4．15．3 Normality of Data and Outliers

Chapter 05 Analysis and Results

5．1 Assessment of Normality of Data and Outliers

5．2 Descriptive Statistics of Sample

5．2．1 Gender and Age of Respondent

5．2．2 Education and Languages

5．2．3 Number of Employees and Position

5．3 Descriptive Statistics of Firms

5．3．1 Year of establishment and Exporting

5．3．2 Annual Exports and Exporting Position

5．3．3 Ownership and Business Activity

5．4．1 Perception about International Business

5．4．2 Domestic Position before International Business

5．4．3 Reasons for Having No Exports

5．4．4．Major Exporting Markets

5．4．5 Entry Modes

5．5 Factor Analysis of the Research Instrument

5．5．1 Factor Analysis of Export Performance(DV)

5．5．2 Factor Analysis of Entrepreneurial Networking

5．5．3 Factor Analysis of Host-Country Institutes

5．5．4 Factor Analysis of Home-Country Institutes

5．5．5 Factor Analysis of Internal Barriers

5．5．6 Factor Analysis of External Barriers

5．6 Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling

5．7 Congeneric Measurement Model

5．8 Construct Validity-Discriminant and Convergent Validity

5．9 Scale Reliability

5．10 Congeneric Measurement Model of Export Performance

5．11．Congeneric Measurement Model of Env_Govt Construct

5．12．Congeneric Measurement Model of Fin_Funct_Inf Construct

5．13．Congeneric Measurement Model of Entrep_Net Construct

5．14．Congeneric Measurement Model of Marketing Construct

5．15．Congeneric Measurement Model of Entrp_Orient

5．16．Congeneric Measurement Model of Home_Insts

5．17．Congeneric Measurement Procedural

5．18．Congeneric Measurement Host_Insts

5．19 Testing the Structural model

5．20 Hypotheses support summary

5．21 Summary

Chapter 06 Discussion，Conclusions，and Recommendations

6．1 Summary of the Study

6．2 Discussion and Conclusion

6．2．1 Modes of Internationalisation

6．2．2 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Export Performance

6．2．3 Entrepreneurial Networking and Expod Performance

6．2．4 Exporting Barriers and Export Performance

6．2．5 Institutional(Home and Host Country)Support and Export Performance of SMEs

6．3 Contributions of the Study

6．3．1 Theoretical Contribution

6．3．2 Managerial Contribution

6．4 Research Limitations and Areas of Future Research

5．5 Conclusion and Recommendation

References

Appendices