汉语非商业标语中形容词动用的认知研究

摘要

汉语中，非商业标语作为一种社会用语，是人们生活中较常见的语言形式之一。随着政府与公益事业的发展，非商业标语已融入我们的生活，非商业标语更是具体体现了当今时代的国政通行与公众效益。目前，从认知语言学角度研究非商业标语的论文很少。本文运用认知语言学中的构式语法及突显理论解释非商业标语中的形容词转类为动词这一语言现象。
　　文章首先对从国内外角度对标语的研究做了一个梳理，接下来对认知构式语法和突显观进行了较为系统的论述，并指出:语法结构是任何语义和形式的结合体，而且形式和意义的某些方面不能直接从构式的构成部分或其他业已建立的构式中推出来。而突显是由于人类精力的有限而对信息进行筛选，选中的部分成为焦点从而突显，其他部分则被忽略或者弱化。
　　以认知构式语法理论为指导，论文对搜集筛选的100条包含形容词转类为动词的非商业标语进行研究分类，发现其中共涉及四大类构式:致使结果及物构式、比较及物构式、态度描述及物构式及性状描述及物构式。经分类及统计，属于致使结果及物构式的非商业标语占标语总数的大多数;比较及物构式可分为单宾比较及物构式和双宾比较及物构式，他们之间的区别在于单宾比较及物构式只有比较对象，而没有具体的比较值，双宾比较及物构式有直接宾语和间接宾语，间接宾语为比较对象，直接宾语为具体的比较结果或者说比较值;态度描述及物构式中的形容词转换后的动词义可分为两类，“对…+相关形容词”和“认为…+相关形容词”;含性状描述及物构式的标语所占比例最少。而形容词转换为动词是由于构式的压制，构式的完型性使转类成为可能。
　　论文还研究了非商业标语中形容词转类动词的动机，主要分为三大点:突显、认知经济性和标语的对称需求。笔者从主观突显和客观突显角度，互动性和非互动性角度得出了转类而来的动词是标语中最突显的成分;认知经济性表现在转喻、省略和隐喻;标语的对称要求也是形容词转类动词的一个动因。
　　本文的研究可以丰富认知语言学的认知构式语法及突显观，对学习汉语的外国学者、教师及大众对标语的理解方面具有参考价值。

目录

Abstract

摘要

Contents

Introduction

0．1 Research Background

0．2 Aims of This Thesis

0．3 Research Methodology and Data Collection

0．4 Organization of This Thesis

Chapter One Literature Review

1．1 Previous Studies on the Non-business Slogans

1．1．1 Previous Studies on the Non-Business Slogans at Home

1．1．2 Previous Studies on Slogan Abroad

1．2 Previous Studies on Adjective-to-Verb Conversion

1．2．1 A Traditional Linguistics Perspective

1．2．2 A Transformational-Genarative Linguistic Perspective

1．2．3 A Cognitive Linguistic Perspective

Chapter Two Theoretical Foundation

2．1 Construction Grammar

2．1．1 Definition of Cognitive Construction Grammar

2．1．2 Construction Meaning

2．1．3 Relationships between Constructions

2．1．4 Construction Coercion

2．2 Prominence view

2．3 Summary

Chapter Three The Constructions Containing adjective-to-verb Conversion Involved in Chinese Non-business Slogans

3．1 Causative Result Transitive Construction

3．1．1 Formation of the Causative Result Transitive Construction

3．1．2 Instances of adjective-to-verb Conversion in Causative Result Transitive Construction

3．1．3 Blending of Causative Result Transitive Construction and Adjective Construction

3．1．4 To+Cause(+Object)+to be Adjective

3．2 Comparative Transitive Construction

3．2．1 Formation of Comparative Transitive Construction

3．2．2 Illustration of adjective-to-verb Conversion in Comparative Transitive Construction

3．2．3 Blending of Comparative Transitive Construction and Quantitative Adjective Construction

3．2．4 To+Be+(comparative result)+more+Comparative Adjective+Than+Object

3．3 Attitude Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．3．1 Formation of Attitude Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．3．2 Instances of adjective-to-verb Conversion in Attitude Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．3．3 Blending of Attitude Descriptive Transitive Construction and Attitude Descriptive Adjective Construction

3．3．4 Be+Adjective+prep+Object

3．3．5 To+Consider+Object+to+be+Adjective

3．4 Character Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．4．1 Formation of Character Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．4．2 Illustration of adjective-to-verb Conversion in Character Descriptive Transitive Construction

3．4．3 Blending of Character Descriptive Transitive Construction and Character Descriptive Adjective Construction

3．4．4 To+Become+Adjective

Chapter Four Motivations for adjective-to-verb Conversion in Slogans

4．1 Prominence

4．1．1 Three Focal Points in the Non-business Slogans

4．1．2 Subjective Prominence and Objective Prominence Perspective

4．1．3 Reaction and Non-Reaction Perspective

4．2 Cognitive Economy

4．2．1 Metonymy

4．2．2 Ellipsis

4．2．3 Quotation

4．3 Symmetry

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix

Acknowledgements

声明