词语专门意义的认知研究

摘要

认知语义学的研究成果表明词语意义的发展演变是人类认知范畴化和概念化的结果.范畴和概念是在人类经验的基础上,通过人类的认知模式和文化模式构建起来的.概念形成后与符号相联系而获得意义,随着人类社会经济文化的发展,概念可能会不断扩展致使意义发展演变,新义于是产生,继而形成多义现象.国内外学者对人类的经验、认知和文化模式在范畴化与概念化过程中的作用、普通词语意义发展演变的方式、意义关系模式等进行了颇为深入的研究,并取得了很大的成就.但是,对词语专门意义的研究涉猎的人不多,更谈不上全面和深入.在现有的相关研究成果基础上、在认知语义学理论的指导下,该文通过对2个名词、2个形容词、2个动词的专门意义产生的经验基础、所表征的概念的形成、意义间的关系等相关问题的研究揭示出其发展演变的一些规律.词语专门意义产生的经验基础更具专业性,所指称的专业又往往体现出多样性,而专业活动或行为则更具复杂性;概念形成的方式以转喻更为常见;原型或次原型的转换与分裂,相比之下,以转换为多见,结果则更常见于转移或缩小;原型或次原型发展演变的方式错综复杂,辐射后链条式或再辐射式引申.整个语义范畴的次范畴化和边缘化的程度更高,每个次范畴有一个次原型;有些次范畴可构成知识网络;有些原型或次原型的发展演变呈现出范畴基本层次下移的倾向.意义间的关系非Austin的或Langacker的模式所能概括.次原型与原型关系密切;源于同一原型的次原型呈辐射状,它们之间联系松散;从原型义分裂出来的引申义比转换出来的引申义与原型义联系更密切;引申义于与原型义关系的密切程度视它们之间有多少个意义节点而定,节点越多,联系越疏远,直至很难辨认出来;次范畴成员之间的联系一般比较密切;不同次范畴的成员之间没有什么联系.既然词语意义的发展演变是人类经验的反映、人类认知范畴化和概念化的结果,那么多义词语的学习掌握就应该与经验、范畴化和概念化的过程及弄清楚意义间的联系结合起来.

目录

文摘

英文文摘

学位论文原创性声明及关于学位论文使用授权书

ABBREVIATIONS

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 The definition of a word

1.2 Meaning, meaning variation, and special meaning

1.3 Polysemy vs. homonymy

1.4 Word meaning in a dictionary

1.5 Ordinary basic meaning vs. new basic meaning

1.6 A cognitive approach to word meaning variation

1.7 The statements of the thesis

1.8 Theoretical and practical significances

1.9 The organization of the thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 General review

2.2 The research of major representatives abroad

2.3 The research of major representatives at home

Chapter 3 The Interpretation of the Exploited Theories

3.1 A brief introduction to cognitive linguistics

3.2 Prototype and category

3.3 Conceptual or semantic domain

3.4 Image and image schema

3.5 Metaphor and metonymy

3.6 Frame and script

Chapter 4 Word Meaning Variation for Special Purpose

4.1 The general model of word meaning variation

4.1.1 The foundation of conceptual construction: human experience

4.1.2 The means of conceptual construction: cognitive models

4.1.3 The background of cognitive models: cultural models

4.1.4 Concept and conceptual structure

4.1.5 How a concept acquires meaning

4.1.6 An example for the general model

4.2 Word meaning variation for special purpose

4.2.1 Exemplary words

4.2.2 The specialness of experience, the diversity of speciality, and the complexity of a specialactivity

4.2.3 Conceptual construction and meaning variation

4.2.4 The shifiability and splitability of a prototype, the subcategorizability of a category, and the relevant problems

4.3 The semantic relation model

4.3.1 The general model

4.3.2 The semantic relation model of MARKET

4.3.3 The semantic relation model of DOWN

4.3.4 The semantic relation model of COVER

4.4 The learning of polysemic words with special meanings

4.4.1 Differences between four types of language acquisition or learning

4.4.2 Languages transfer

4.4.3 Strategies and approaches

Conclusion

1. The summary of the research

2. The new ideas of the research

3. The limitations of the research

4. Further research

References

Acknowledgements

Appendix A攻读学位期间所发表的学术论文目录

Appendix B词语专门意义的认知研究