汉语动词组的界性决定因素研究

摘要

自从Vendler(1967)首次提出英语动词的四种基本分类开始，英语的界性问题就一直受到语言学家们的极大关注。相比之下，汉语的界性研究则相对滞后一些。汉语界性的研究几乎是始于沈家煊(1995)，随后，许多国内外语言学家才陆续对此展开了研究。本研究以‘终点观’和‘动词体态组合原则’为指导，旨在解决以下三个方面的问题:1.汉语有界与无界谓词的形成机制是什么？2.汉语中常用来测试有界谓词和无界谓词的方法，其有效性和可靠性到底如何？3.哪些因素决定了汉语动词组的界性？
　　研究发现，“终点观”能够更好地定义汉语动词组和句子的界性，并由此证明界性特征作用于动词组的层面，甚至是句子的层面上，而不仅限于动词这一层面。其次，汉语中常用来诊断有界和无界的手段，在测试范围上各有侧重。最后，本文重点分别从词汇和语法两方面描述了汉语界性的决定因素:词汇方面主要包括动词组的名词论元、动词重叠和动词量化;而语法方面则涵盖广泛，有动趋式、动结式、体标记、助动词、处置式、被动结构、存在句型等。本文进而发现，在界性表达上，语法手段会超越词汇手段，并且，词汇手段在应用上具有排他性。这是因为，从句法结构来看，语法手段一般位于较高的节点，词汇手段则处于相对较低的节点，而节点高的成分统领节点低的成分;在语义层面看，不同的手段对汉语界性的影响会呈现出一个等级变化的过程，语法手段处于两端，其对界性的影响力显然超过处于中间位置的词汇手段。
　　本文重点探索了汉语界性的形成机制及其决定因素，作者希望此研究在厘清汉语界性的定义、有界和无界谓词的区分以及界性决定因素研究等方面，对以后的研究会有所借鉴和帮助。

目录

声明

摘要

Abstract

Contents

List of abbreviations

List of Tables

Chapter 1 Introduction

1．1 Preliminaries

1．2 Research Questions and Significance of the Study

1．3 Structure of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2．1 Studies of Formation of Telicity

2．2 Studies of Definition of Telicity

2．2．1 The ‘Endpoint’ Approach

2．2．2 The ‘Homogeneity’ Approach

2．3 The Necessity of Distinguishing Between(Un) boundedness and

2．4 Commonly Used Tests in English

2．5 Determinants of Telicity of VPs in English

2．5．1 The Interaction of Verbs and Their NP Arguments

2．5．2 The Interaction of Verbs and Their PP Arguments

2．5．3 The Interaction of Verbs and Their Non-argument Elements

2．6 Studies of Telicity in Mandarin Chinese

2．7 Theoretical Framework

2．8 Summary

Chapter 3 Derivation and Tests of Telicity of VPs in Mandarin Chinese

3．1 Definition of Telicity of VPs in Mandarin Chinese：the‘ Endpoint’ Approach

3．2 Formation of Telicity of VPs in Mandarin Chinese：Compositional Aspectuality

3．3 Introducing the Distinction Between Telic and Atelie Predicates in Mandarin Chinese：Some Diagnostic Tests

3．3．1 Time Phrase Test

3．3．2 Entailment Tests

3．3．3 Homogeneity Test

3．3．4 ‘Bu’ and ‘Mei’ Test

3．3．5 ‘Mashang’ and ‘Yixia’ Test

3．4 Summary

Chapter 4 Analysis of Telicity of VPs：Possible Determinants of Telicity of VPs in Mandarin Chinese

4．1 Lexical Devices

4．1．1 The Interaction of Verbs and Their NP Arguments

4．1．2 Verb Reduplication and Verbal Quantification

4．2 Grammatical Devices

4．2．1 Verb-direction Constructions

4．2．2 Verb-resultative Constructions

4．2．3 The Interaction of Verbs and Aspect Markers

4．2．4 The Interaction of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs

4．2．5 The Ba and Bei Constructions

4．2．6 The Existential Constructions

4．3 Syntactic and Semantic Explanations to the Overriding Effect of Grammatical Devices over Lexical Devices

4．3．1 A Syntactic Explanation to the Overriding Effect of Grammatical Devices over Lexical Devices

4．3．2 A Semantic Explanation to the Overriding Effect of Grammatical Devices over LexicaI Devices

4．4 Summary

Conclusion

Reference

Appendix A 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文

Appendix B Data Cited in This Thesis

Appendix C 详细中文摘要 汉语动词组的界性决定因素研究

Acknowledgements