文摘
英文文摘
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 A Retrospect of Study History on Lexical Meaning
1.1.1 The study of lexical meaning in ancient times
1.1.2 The study of lexical meaning in the 19th century
1.1.3 The study of lexical meaning in modem times
1.2 Methodological Matter
1.2.1 Different views on language
1.2.2 Different methodologies
Chapter Two An Assumpation of Meaning Formation through Cognizing the Real World
2.1 Why Do We Need Prototypes?
2.2 The Relationships between Categorization, Meaning, Concept and Category
2.3 The Nature of Category
2.4 Gestalt Principle and Family Resemblance
2.4.1 Gestalt principles
2.4.2 Family resemblance
2.5 Image
2.5.1 Cognitive image
2.5.2 The nature of cognitive image
2.6 An Assumption of Meaning Formation through Cognition
2.6.1 A brief review of cognitive theory introduced in the previous sections
2.6.2 An assumption of meaning formation through cognition
Chapter Three Gradience of Word Meaning
3.1 Prototypicality of Semantic Category
3.1.1 Prototypicality and categorization
3.1.2 Categorial prototypicality and semantic typicality
3.1.3 The basic level of categorization
3.2 Motivations for Gradience of Word Meaning
3.2.1 Culture model
3.2.2 Perceptual salience
3.3 A Case Study of MAN
3.3.1 Basic level
3.3.2. Super-basic level
3.3.3. Sub-basic level
3.3.4. Side level
Chapter Four Relevance of Word Meaning
4.1 The Similarity of Semantic Category
4.1.1 The category GAME given by Wittgenstein
4.1.2Family Resemblance
4.1.3 Family resemblance and prototypes
4.2 Metaphor and Metonymy: Two Cognitive Devices for the Relevance of Word Meaning
4.2.1 Metaphor
4.2.2 Characteristics of metaphor
4.2.3 Metonymy
4.2.4 The cognitive base of metaphor and metonymy
4.3 A Case Study of OUT
4.3.1 Central schema of OUT
4.3.2 Basic meanings and locative character of OUT
4.3.3 Metaphorical relevance of meaning
4.3.4 Conclusion of the polysemous nature of OUT
Chapter Five Extension of Word Meaning
5.1 The Openness of Semantic Category
5.1.1 Core meaning
5.1.2 Fuzziness of semantic category
5.2 Two Models of Extension
5.2.1 Meaning Chain
5.2.2 Network
5.3 A Case Study of RUN
5.3.1 Meanings of RUN in dictionaries
5.3.2 Basic meanings of RUN
5.3.3 Ways of meaning extension
5.3.4 A detailed survey of the polysemic nature of RUN
5.3.5 Conclusion about the polysemous nature of RUN
Chapter Six Conclusion
6.1 Summary
6.2 Far-reaching Significance of Applying Prototype Theory to Lexical Semantics
6.2.1 Effects on vocabulary acquisition
6.2.2 Lexicography
6.2.3 An alternative approach to lexical semantics
6.3 Some Reflections on Prototype Theory
6.3.1 The vital power of prototype theory
6.3.2 Problems
Bibliography
Acknowledgement
