文摘
英文文摘
Abbrevations
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 General information about the lotus plant
1.2 Motivation of this study
1.3 Introduction to flavonols and the health benefits of the lotus
1.4 Study aims and general design
1.5 Hypothesis and objectives
1.6 Organisation of the thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 General information about the lotus
2.2 Nutritional value of the lotus
2.3 Traditional knowledge of the lotus
2.4 Antioxidants of the lotus
2.5 Anticancer activity of the lotus
2.6 Inedible parts of the lotus
2.7 Phenolics
2.7.1 Properties and classification of phenolic compounds
2.7.2 Bioactivities of dietary polyphenols
2.7.3 Flavonoids
2.8 Several techniques
2.8.1 Extraction
2.8.2 Column chromatography
2.8.3 Preparative HPLC
2.8.4 Liquid chromatography (LC)-MS
2.9 Evaluation of antioxidant capacity
2.9.1 HAT assays using molecular probes
2.9.2 ET assays using molecular probes
2.10 In vitro anticancer screening
2.10.1 Proliferation assay
2.10.2 Cell cycle analysis
2.10.3 Western blot analysis
2.11 References
Chapter 3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Plant materials
3.2 Chemicals and instruments
3.3 Flavonols extraction from FSENN
3.4 Fractionation of EFESEL
3.5 Evaluation of antioxidant activities
3.5.1 Determination of total phenolic content
3.5.2 DPPH radical scavenging activity
3.5.3 Test for ferric ion reducing capacity
3.5.4 Determination of T-AOC
3.5.5 Determination of antioxidant activity by the B-carotene bleaching method
3.5.6 Chemiluminescence assay
3.6 Identification of flavonols and flavonol content
3.6.1 Acid hydrolysis of EFSENN Fr2
3.6.2 Preparation of flavonols standard solutions
3.6.3 Identification and quantify of flavonol by HPLC
3.6.4 LC/UV/MS analysis
3.7 In vitro anticancer screening
3.7.1 Cell cultures
3.7.2 MTT assay
3.7.3 Flow cytometric analysis
3.7.4 Western blot analysis
3.8 Statistical analyses
3.9 References
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Yield of the flavonoid extract from FSENN
4.2 Evaluation of antioxidant activities
4.2.1 Total phenolic content
4.2.2 DPPH radical scavenging activity
4.2.3 Test for ferric ion reducing capacity
4.2.4 Determination of T-AOC
4.2.5 Determination of antioxidant activity by the β-carotene bleaching method
4.2.6 Chemiluminescence assay
4.3 Identification and quantification of flavonols
4.4 LC/UV/MS analysis
4.5 In vitro anticancer screening
4.5.1 In vitro assay for cytotoxic activity (MTT assay)
4.5.2 Effect of flavonols in Fr2 on cell cycle distribution
4.5.3 Effect of Fr2 on p21 and p53 expression
4.5.4 Effect of flavonols in Fr2 on Bcl-2 and Bax
4.5.5 Effect of flavonols in Fr2 on NF-кB
4.6 Referances
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
Appendix
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Testimony of editing and proofreading
Acknowledgements
