Damage Cause Investigations and the Lining Reinforcement in the Warsaw Subway B-16 Line

摘要

Technical and technological conditions associated with tunnel excavation in soft ground located at thernWarsaw shallow subway B-16 line is presented in the paper. Since immediately after constructionrnfracturings of tunnel lining elements, composed of iron cast cylindrical panels, were recorded, researchrnon possible reasons of the damage has commenced. These analyses complemented with in-siturninspections, surveying data concerned with convergence process monitoring as well as actual stressrnmeasurements within the lining panels, were a base for a tunnel numerical modeling which revealedrnthat clay swelling as well as jet grouting performed behind the lining were the direct causess ofrndamage – fractures of ribs and collars of iron cast panels due to high bending moments. The paper isrnalso illustrated by appropriate repair measures which were utilized for safe future tunnel operation.