Can Digital Image Forgery Detection Unevadable? A Case Study: Color Filter Array Interpolation Statistical Feature Recovery

摘要

Digital image forgery detection is becoming increasing important. In recently 2 years, a new upsurge has been started to study direct detection methods, which utilize the hardware features of digital cameras. Such features may be weakened or lost once tampered, or they may not be consistent if synthesizing several images into a single one. This manuscript first clarifies the concept of trueness of digital images and summarizes these methods with their crack by a general model. The recently proposed EM algorithm plus Fourier transform that checks the Color Filter Array (CFA) interpolation statistical feature (ISF) is taken as a case study. We propose 3 methods to recover the CFA-ISF of a fake image: (1) artificial CFA interpolation (2) a linear CFA-ISF recovery model with optimal uniform measure (3) a quadratic CFA-ISF recovery model with least square measure. A software prototype CFA-ISF Indicator & Adjustor integrating the detection and anti-detection algorithms is developed and shown. Experiments under our product validate the effectiveness of our methods.