The Causes of Excessive Settlement above Trojane Tunnel and Remedial Measures

摘要

Mudstone, claystone and sandstone dominate the rock layering of the geological sequence relevant tornTrojane tunnel. The ground is tectonically reworked, contains structural anomalies and there are somernvery weak partings within the rock matrix. Sudden and frequent transitions between lithologicalrnsequences impose potential instabilities and make the excavation of the tunnel particularly difficult.rnPart of the route of the tunnel goes beneath Trojane village. The recorded settlements on the surfacernvary but they are generally more than several centimetres. Some of the structures in the villagernunderwent only slightly damage due to tunnelling, while some structure were severely damagedrnalthough all are located at very similar positions relative to the tunnel axis. The paper discusses therncauses of the excessive settlement, their local significance and reasons for the localisation of therndamaging effect. Also, the measures to control the settlement are described in the paper, as well asrntheir application and consequences.