The Minaret of Jam is located in the centre of Afghanistan, 200 km east of Herat and 1,904 mrnabove sea level, at the confluence of the River Harirud and its tributary the Jamrud. The minaret was probablyrnbuilt between 1163 and 1203. In 2002, UNESCO declared Jam Afghanistan's first World Heritage Site. ThernMinaret, 65 m. high and it is presently affected by an important changing of verticality, for about 3.4°. Thernreason for this leaning is not very clear. But, it is likely to be referred to the undercutting excavation of foundationrnproduced the nearby Harirud river and effect of floods. In order to develop a long term conservationrnplan, proper seismic, geological, geomorphological, geotechnical, and geophysical investigations were performedrnin 2003-2005. Some initial restoration works were also performed in the period 2005-2009 to reducernthe structural degradation on the masonry and to enhance river protection, namely after a flood in 2007.
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