The steelmaking system can be described in terms of a series of metallurgical units linked together by a number of transfer steps.Within this system the furnace and ladle are batch reactors while the tundish and molds are continuous reactors.This difference has tundish and molds are continuous reactors.This difference has important implications with respect to the influence of transfer operations on steel quality.There is good evidence from plant observations on steel quality.There is good evidence from plant observations that quality achieved within one reactor can be lost during transfer to the next.In addition,short,intermittent varations during the transfer process can have relatively long-time,adverse effects on behaviour within the next reactor.These adverse effects relate to changes in chemistry,temperature,and fluid flow,the formation of inclusions and ultimately their location and distribution within the cast product.Improvements in our understanding of the importance of these phenomena have led to developments in processing technology which take advantage of transfer operations to not only prevent and detect unsought variation but actually improve the overall steelmaking process by increasing metal yield,reducing steel contamination,decreasing energy requirements and improving safety and environmental aspects.
展开▼
