Countermeasures and barriers

摘要

The present paper addresses a number of theoretical issues related to Haddon's countermeasure strategies. An attempt is made to formalize the strategies using a model of causation that generalizes Haddon's energy transfer model of unwanted phenomena.Important problems associated with the term "barrier" are outlined. By means of applying the causal model to the level of countermeasure a clarification of the terminology is proposed.Finally, an attempt is made to extend the scope of countermeasures from causal actions to communicative actions, i.e. actions based on signs produced in order to influence the action of the agent interpreting them.