TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIALCONDITIONS OF DEVELOPING NUCLEAR POWERENGINEERING (NPE) IN POLAND AND BUILDINGFIRST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN 2020

摘要

Poland, like every country for which assumptions about a rather dynamic economicrngrowth are made, faces a strategic decision – how to cover its increasing power demand.rnPoland has deposits of hard coal and lignite that secure both present and forecast domesticrnpower demands for some tens of years. Polish natural gas deposits are not too rich. Thus thernmain source of supply is import from Russia. After the Tchernobyl disaster, development ofrnNPE in many countries, including Poland, has been abandoned for years. However, thernresearch work on nuclear technologies and their improvement in the world did not stop.rnNuclear power is among the cheapest ones. Poland does not have resources of native uranium,rnneither does it have plants for uranium processing or enrichment, final fuel prefabrication orrnexperience in utilising and handling radioactive wastes. Economic analyses made for Polishrnconditions support the rightness of assumptions concerning covering the growing demand forrnelectricity by nuclear power plants – "safe" sources in the state– of –the–art engineering,rnecologically "clean", offering lower unit price of generation of electricity compared to hardrncoal –, lignite– and gas– based technology. The fundamental part of the paper is presentation o of frneconomic analyses, i.e.: discussion of assumptions made for Poland, comparison of forecastrncosts of generation of electric power in a nuclear plant and conventional plants (hard coal,rnlignite, gas) with use of the best available technologies. These analy analyses plus ones ofrnses conditions of fuel management, power safety of the country, assumed growth of electricityrnconsumption show and support appropriateness of further preparatory work on building thernfirst nuclear power plant in Poland.