In-vitro Comparison of Laser Induced Lithotripsy on Artificial Stones by Means of Different Laser Systems

摘要

Objectives: In this study, clinically available pulsed laser systems emitting either in the infrared (IR)- or visible (VIS)rnspectral region were compared in a standardized manner with respect to their impact on phantom stones in anrnunderwater laboratory set-up.rnMethods: There were three pulsed laser systems emitting light either in the IR (λ=2100nm: Ho: YAG-laser) or VISrn(λ=532nm/1064nm: FREDDY~®-laser and 598nm: FLPD-laser) spectral range available for this investigation. Afterrndetermination of the ablation threshold different fragmentation rates were determined in relation to the fluencern(depending on pulse energy and fiber diameter) using artificial stones.rnResults: The threshold value of the laser pulse energy to induce an ablation of artificial stones induced by the differentrnlaser systems showed that even the lowest laser settings induced significant ablation with no regards to the repetitionrnrate and fiber diameter. The VIS-lasers showed higher fragmentation rates than the IR-lasers.rnConclusions: VIS-lasers are solely useful for laser induced Shockwave lithotripsy, while IR-lasers are also in use forrnother clinical applications (e.g. coagulation and ablation). Investigations on artificial stone fragmentation are useful torncompare clinical laser parameter settings but can partially be transferred to clinically urinary stone fragmentation.