This study used a modified Remember/Know paradigm to examine whether the old/new effects related to familiarity modulated by emotion. A series of positive, neutral and negative pictures were presented to young adults, and they were asked to watch the pictures carefully like watching TV. After 24 hours, the electroencephalogram was recorded when the participants were performing a recognition memory test with "Remember", "low-confidence Know", "medium-confidence Know", "high-confidence Know", or "New" judgments to each picture. The results showed that the early frontal old/new effect (FN400) in aggregative Know responses of high and medium confidence was found in emotional pictures, but not in neutral ones. The results suggested that the electrophysiological index of familiarity could be affected by emotion.
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