Zn Electrodeposition of Titanium Dioxide for the Application of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) with Extracts of Natural Dyes That Were Co-pigmented with Salicylic Acid

摘要

Dye Sensitizer Solar Cell (DSSC) is a dye- based solar cell which is an alternative to meet energy needs, where these cells will convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. This study aims to produce DSSC using Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass as a substrate and extract of red grape skin (Vitis Vinifera), jengkol skin extract (Pithecellobium jiringa), resident fruit (Melastoma malabathricum L), and mangosteen peel (Garcinia Mangostana) L) as a dye sensitizer. The semiconductor material used is Titanium dioxide (TiO_2), because titanium dioxide has a wide band gap, is inert, harmless and also has a wide surface. The research began with the preparation of ITO glass which was carried out by a doctor blade method coated with TiO_2 paste, after being coated the glass was heated on a hot plate at 100°C for 30 minutes, and electrodeposition of Zn metal, after that the ITO glass was heated to the furnace and dropped by dyes. In other ITO glass the conductive part is coated with carbon from heating on a candle, after which solar cells are tested by assembling the glass like a sandwich, and dropped by an electrolyte solution. The dye used is characterized by using UV-Vis and FTIR. The results of XRD analysis showed that there was a decrease in the size of TiO_2 crystals and that ZnSO_4 was still present in TiO_2. The decrease in crystal size will cause an increase in the surface area of TiO_2 thereby increasing DSSC efficiency. The efficiency of DSSC that uses Zn electrodeposition on TiO_2 (Zn-TiO_2) has increased compared to DSSC using pure TiO_2, from 0.8% to 4.14% at 1 V electrodeposition voltage. This increase occurs because a barrier layer of the process of recombination of electrons with electrolytes and an increase in the surface area of TiO_2. The optimum voltage and time of electrodeposition of Zn on TiO_2 are IV and 15 seconds with the resulting DSSC efficiency of 6.00%. DSSC performance produced with TiO_2- Zn layer and co-pigmented pigments were 1.8062% jengkol peel, 4.40% resident fruit, 3.8039% mangosteen peel, and 4.812% grape skin. The highest efficiency was obtained on DSSC by Zn electrodeposition in TiO_2 layer using grape skin as a source of dyes.