The Effectiveness of Token Economy in Improving Adaptive Daily Living for Children with Intellectual Disability

摘要

Parents have a strategic role in optimizing children's abilities. Children with intellectual disability have limitations in Adaptive Daily Living (ADL) abilities. ADL is an important abilities possessed by everyone to be able to live independently. Children who lack in ADL abilities will need the help of the closest person or parents in completing their daily tasks, so that there is a need for a development model for parents to develop the ability of children with intellectual disability. The aim of this article is to design a behavior modification modul with token techniques to develop the abilities of children with intellectual ability. The token technique used in this study is giving a token to the child everytime the child raises the expected behavior. The tokens can be exchanged for items that the child wanted, hoping that there will be an increase in ADL behavior of the child along with giving tokens to him. The method used in this study was experiment with single subject research. The subject is a child with moderate intellectual disability, with an IQ of 36 Binet Scale. The age of the child is 12 years 3 months. The results of this article illustrate the model of behavior modification design with token techniques to increase the ability of ADL children with intellectual disability.