Optimization based on genetic algorithms is applied to the design of mul-tilayered coatings, incorporating both coating-geometry and material-property optimization. The latter is based on parametric modeling of dielectric and magnetic properties of homogeneous materials, and effective-medium modeling of composites. Our approach treats physical laws to be obeyed by the models as constraints. Moreover, efficiency in thickness is considered in two ways: as an upper-limit constraint, and in multi-objective settings including aggregation and Pareto optimality.
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