Analysis of Driving Patterns in Car Traffic and their Potential for Vehicle-to-Grid Applications

摘要

In this paper, the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) potential of passenger cars is analyzed using a travel survey from Germany. A two-level-clustering method based on the k-modes-algorithm is proposed to extract typical driving patterns focusing on parking locations and durations. The realistically determined V2G potential is transferred to the application case of a low voltage grid by means of an optimization-based charging schedule, which aims to minimize the overall load variance while considering energy requirements of the individual vehicle owners. The effects of V2G and its influencing factors such as penetration level, charging power and charging restraints are analyzed in grid simulations. The results show that EVs have great V2G potential to support power system operation especially in residential areas, but charging constraints and charging powers play a significant role in V2G feasibility.