Statistical Validity of Presmoking and Postsmoking Impact on Heart Rate Variability Among Middle Age Men

摘要

Background: Cigarette smoking is associated with various forms of an acute heart attack such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and atrial and ventricular fibrillation. Increased sympathetic activity triggered by cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular extinction. Objective: To analyze the acute effects of smoking on the control of neuro-cardiovascular by evaluating the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear HRV indices in middle-aged smokers. Method: Thirty-six male participants of age between 40 and 60 were evaluated and divided into two groups, i.e., control and smokers. The ECG recorded for 15 min from control and smokers male participants. In the case of smokers, data recorded before smoking and 10 min after smoking. The heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the time domain (mean HR, mean RR, SDNN, and RM SSD), frequency domain (LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio), and nonlinear parameter (SD1, SD2, SD1 /SD2, Poincare plot, detrended fractal analysis, approximate entropy, and sample entropy) were evaluated. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded using our own designed ECG module, we used lead Ⅱ data for experimentation. Statistical analysis performed between control versus presmoking using independent student 't' test and presmoking versus postsmoking using dependent student 't' test. The presmoking values are considered as baseline values. Result: When control group compared with the smoking group SBP, DBP, mean HR, LF (ms~2), LF(nu), and LF/HF ratio were significantly increased and also mean RR, SDNN, RM SSD, TP (ms~2), HF (ms~2), HF (nu), SD1, SD1/SD2, AppEN, and SampEN significantly decreased after smoking. Conclusion: The results of this study show that smoking has an acute effect on the autonomy of the brain, causing impaired vagal activity and an overbalance of sympathetic function.