Case-Marking on Constituents Constructed by Verbal Predicate: The Comparison of Japanese, English, and Indonesian

摘要

Discussing Japanese, English, and Indonesian is interesting because of its prominent differences. Among the most noticeable issues is the case-marking for different constituencies. In respect to predicate filled by the verb, the verbal phrase becomes the mother's constituent in the sentence. The complement of the mother's constituents is the "child" constituent. If the predicate is the mother, then consequently the subject, object, and description are all the child's constituents. This paper aims to discuss how a constituent can be a child constituent in the three languages. Paper also aims to explore how to mark case on constituents that is triggered by verbal predicate in the languages in question. Applying the library research, the gained data from documentation are described and analyzed. The results show that the child constituents born by the verb when (1) the subject's constituents are on the intransitive verb, (2) the subject's constituents and the object's constituents are on the monotransitive or bitransitive verbs. The interesting findings are on the works of case-marking in these languages: Japanese is postposition to nouns; English experiences internal change of nouns; whereas Indonesian is not marked noun. In conclusion, understanding characteristics of language system for every language, it is useful for assisting learners to master languages in question.