Organization of fodder production based on sunflower seed waste

摘要

For the implementation of Russia's State policy in animal husbandry, it is essential to seek reserves for fodder base. One of the largest producers of ingredients for high quality fodder is oil and fat industry manufacturing pomace and oil seed cakes as well as fats for food, feed and technical purposes. Sunflower is the main crop covering about 80% of cropland. Its gross harvest increased from 8,5 million tons in 2014 to 10.4 million tons in 2016. Nowadays, there are over 200 enterprises of oil and fat industry processing sunflower seeds. An effective method to support their development is to recycle waste of oil and fat production for feed purposes, which is in line with the set objective to strengthen the livestock fodder base. The most widespread and voluminous type of waste of oil and fat industry is sunflower seed waste. A rough estimate shows that when processing sunflower seeds the total amount of waste generated per year exceeds 1 million tons. Meanwhile, the mass fraction of crude protein in seeds can reach 19%, whereas the mass fraction of crude fat is 21%, which makes them valuable raw materials for fodder production. Attempts were made to recycle sunflower seed waste by pressing, granulation, grinding and adding them into pomace and oil seed cakes, but they did not find applications in the oil and fat industry. Therefore, commercial disposal of sunflower seed waste and its storage at industrial waste landfills is the most common method used in the Russian Federation, which may increase the hazard of fire and make environmental problems worse. On the base of the carried out research, a universal technology of recycling sunflower seed waste has been developed which includes the separation of raw materials from small impurities and overall debris which is no longer fit for subsequent processing such as metals, mineral and organic impurities, husk; burning of seed husk and large organic impurities resulting in steam generation; the production of inedible technical fat and feed protein-lipid products by extrusion and pressing of remaining secondary oily raw materials. For implementation of this universal technology in oil and fat industry, a new production line with capacity 7.2 tons a day recycling sunflower seed waste has been developed which is able to process secondary oily raw materials. Standard equipment is used for above mentioned technological operations with the exception of the operation where husk and oil bearing dust are separated from the mixture of waste implemented by pneumatic gravitational method on a new pneumatic separator designed by the authors of this article. An experimental production line has been assembled at "Giaginsky Vegetable oil refining complex", which has been working steadily for three years recycling sunflower seed waste and producing inedible (technical) sunflower oil and feed protein-lipid products (pomace) for feed and technical purposes. At present preparations are being made to assemble a similar production line recycling sunflower seed waste at OOO "Kurganinsky vegetable oil refining factory".