N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution by α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Umpolung

摘要

Since first isolated by Arduengo in 1991, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have widely been used with various applications, such as ligands and catalysts. In the context of organocatalysts, NHCs can activate α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds through conversion of the electrophilic β carbon into a nucleophilic one.