Opportunities for Improving the Effectiveness and Efficiency of International Atomic Energy Agency Safeguards at Large-Scale Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Plants

摘要

This paper identifies and evaluates opportunities for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards at large-scale gas centrifuge enrichment plants (GCEPs). The IAEA's verification mission at uranium enrichment installations is particularly critical, as these facilities, if misused, could be used to produce unirradiated direct-use material. GCEPs are now predominant in the global market for enrichment services.