Interprofessional Education and One Health Initiatives - What is the Difference and Why Should We RecognizeThis?

摘要

Proposed over a decade ago as a core competency for all health professions education by the Institute of Medicine1, interprofessional education (IPE)—commonly defined as "learning about, from and with members of other health professions to improve collaboration and the quality of care"2 —has become an increasing imperative as more health professions educational programs3"5 including veterinary medicine6, incorporate IPE requirements within accreditation standards. While IPE has had a long history,characterized by periods of waxing and waning3, IPE's presence within health professions education programs is more pronounced than ever before. The goals of IPE are to develop learners' interprofessional skills as well as improve patient oriented care and community health outcomes through enhanced teamwork. Such teamwork is accomplished through interactive effort, a high level of communication, mutual planning, collective decision making, and shared responsibilities.7 One Health initiatives have also become integral parts of core competencies for veterinary curricular development. One Health has been defined as "the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment".8 While the overall objectives of an IPE program are similar to those of a One Health initiative, they are not identical. There are unique differences in expectations and outcomes for an IPE program. Powerful experiential learning can occur for both the veterinary students and other health profession students involved. A recent scoping review article9 suggested that there is some type of IPE program in place at many veterinary colleges but that these programs are diverse in their structure, delivery, objectives and outcomes across institutions. Putting veterinary and other health related professional students together at the beginning of their curriculum to work together as an interprofessional team at the human, animal, and environmental interface is a critical first step to successfully achieving the full potential benefits of IPE and One Health curriculum.