The Surface Distribution of Solar Energetic Particles on the Earth and Southern Atlantic Anomaly

摘要

Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) is a high-energy particles of protons, electrons, and ions trapped in magnetic fields in the corona of the Sun. The particles can be ejected into interplanetary space and reach the Earth, through the propagation of magnetic flux tubes, as a result of energetic phenomena such as flares and Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). SEP-related phenomena that will be discussed in this paper is Southern Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), anomalous distribution of high energy particles trapped in Earth's magnetic field as well as its association with Van Allen radiation belts. Space, Environment, Effects, and Education System (SPENVIS), software developed by European Space Agency (ESA), is capable of displaying data on the distribution of protons (0.1-500 MeV) and electrons (0.1-5 MeV) trapped in Earth's magnetic field. The results show that distribution of electrons and protons depend on altitude (100-36000 km), their energies, and phase of solar cycle maximum and minimum.