With the development of the micro-processing, silicon material technique, the silicon structural design, mass production, the scientific researches on integrated circuit have been developed rapidly. Defect detection and fault diagnosis as critical design requirements is necessary to achieve high-quality, cost-effective multichip systems. An increasingly difficult task, however, is the inherent need to accurately locate, identify the defects within the microchip. A method of defect detection of IC wafer has been investigated using mathematical morphology. Firstly, the differential charts of the pending images and the intact image of IC wafer are computed and digitized to two gray levels, i.e. black and white. Secondly, the brightness of the pending images have been transformed to the same brightness as that of intact image in order to make the arithmetic is robust for various illumination conditions. Next, the defects on the binary image of differential chart can be found and dealt with mathematical morphology. Finally, several representative characteristics are proposed to extract and describe the defects of IC wafer image, for example perimeter, area, macro axis, minor axis, eccentricity ratio, centroid, circularity and rectangular degree, etc.
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