Minireview on the eletrochemical biosensors for the detection of heavy metal ions in water

摘要

Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise in the development of rapid methods for the detection of heavy metal ions and have been intensively researched over the past few decades. This review mainly stated the basic principles and diverse types of electrochemical biosensors according to the coupling of electrochemical techniques with biosensor, as well as the recent progress made on the detection of typical heavy metals including Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). In addition, the unique properties of biomaterials and nanomaterials for detection of heavy metal ions are highlighted. Further more, the challenges and future perspectives regarding heavy metal ions determination in real samples using electrochemical methods are elaborated. It is highlighted that extraction of trace heavy metal ions by pretreatment or modification of the samples is a challenging issue.