Direct-Indirect Directive Illocutionary Act in Makkiyyah Verses

摘要

This research is motivated by the point of view where the research using scriptures as the object of the study has an important role, especially in Linguistics. Utterances written in the scriptures are able to lead their followers to have their lifestyle based on the scriptures. Therefore, it can be seen that Muslims' lifestyle is affected by Holy Quran, a scripture of Islam. It also applies to Christians' lifestyle based on Bible and other religious people's lifestyle following their own scriptures. The study aims to find out how each type of directive illocutionary acts are delivered, either directly or indirectly in Makkiyyah verses. This research applies descriptive qualitative research. It means the research provides and explores direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts in Makkiyyah verses. The object of the study consists of direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts and marks in Makkiyyah verses. Meanwhile, this research uses Holy Quran, the Islamic scripture given by Allah to Prophet Muhammad, as the data source. The data consist of lingual units, which are direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts and their marks, found in Makkiyyah verses. Meanwhile, this research applies observation and writing technique to collect the data. This technique was done by observing each verse of Makkiyyah thoroughly (involving 86 chapters/surah), giving particular marks on those verses, carefully taking notes of the verses, and classifying the data based on direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts found on verses. This study uses the relation between texts in Makkiyyah verses and their contexts to analyze data. The research finding tells about the use of direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts based on how directive illocutionary acts are delivered. There are 1686 direct-indirect directive illocutionary acts expressed in Makkiyyah verses. They are (1) direct directive illocutionary acts, appearing 1496 times, and (2) indirect directive illocutionary acts, appearing 190 times. Based on how commands are delivered in the verses, it can be seen that direct directive illocutionary acts are used more than directive illocutionary acts. In conclusion, applying instructions containing direct directive illocutionary acts are necessary to change Jahiliyyah society. Indonesian people, some of whom are still within the Jahiliyyah society, need to apply to them clear, straightforward, direct rules so that those who understand and are aware that they are in the wrong position.