Religious and Political Facets of Fundamentalism: Socio-philosophical Analysis

摘要

The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of a phenomenon of fundamentalism, its religious and political facets. Historically, the concept "fundamentalism" has appeared in hermeneutics and had highly specialized value, designating literal reading of the religious text. Having arisen among the American Protestants as opposition of religious modernization and liberalization, fundamentalism quickly became significant social and political force. Fundamentalism has reached the peak of the popularity with a minus sign after the creation of the infamous Islamic State. At the same time, the subject of fundamentalism isn't exhausted by religious extremism: really, in the modern world there is a set of forms of this many-sided phenomenon, including ethnoreligious fundamentalism, market fundamentalism and even feministic fundamentalism. The fundamental bases of this phenomenon and its multifaceted nature are analyzed in the article. The article reveals the essence of fundamentalism in the context of the process of globalization. The author demonstrates that fundamentalism as a whole is not synonymous with traditionalism, but is one of the possible answers of religious consciousness to the rapid process of modernization.